Department Contacts
Department Contacts
The mission of the Department of Health and Social Services is to "promote and protect the health and well-being of Alaskans."
Please check the divisions at the right of the page for more specific contact information.
Questions about Medicaid, Food Stamps or Public Assistance? Call 907-465-3347
Questions about Medicaid Eligibility or Claims? In Anchorage, call 907-644-6800, Toll Free 1-800-770-5650
Questions about Office of Children Service? In Anchorage, call 907-269-4000, In Juneau, call 907-465-1650
Questions about Health Facilities Certification and Licensing? Call 907-334-2483
Department Organizational Chart
Requests for scheduling appointments or invitations for Commissioner Davidson can made by sending an e-mail to: scheduling.dhss@alaska.gov
Commissioner's Office
Valerie Nurr’araaluk Davidson
Commissioner
3601 C Street, Suite 902
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-7800
Shawnda O'Brien
Assistant Commissioner
Finance Management Services
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0601
Phone: (907) 465-3030
Karen Forrest
Deputy Commissioner
for Family, Community & Integrated Services
PO Box 110635
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0601
Phone: (907) 465-3030
Jon Sherwood
Deputy Commissioner for Medicaid & Health Care Policy
PO Box 110635
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0601
Phone: (907) 465-3030
Erin Shine
Special Assistant
3601 C Street, Suite 902
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-8021
Dr. Jay C. Butler, MD
Chief Medical Officer
3601 C Street, Suite 756
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907) 269-7800
Fax: (907) 269-2048
Public Affairs
Katie Marquette
Communications Director
3601 C Street, Suite 902
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-7867
Legislative Relations
Tony Newman
Legislative Liaison
PO Box 110601
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0601
Phone: (907) 465-1611
Sarah Woods
Project Coordinator
PO Box 110601
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0601
Phone: (907) 465-1631
Fax: (907) 465-8265
Alaska Pioneer Homes
Amanda Lofgren
Director
Alaska Pioneer Homes
Anchorage Pioneer Home
923 W 11th Ave
Anchorage, Alaska 99501-4399
Phone: (907) 343-7206
Fax: (907) 343-7272
Clinton Lasley
Administrative Operation Manager
333 Willoughby, Suite 757
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Phone: (907) 465-5736
Behavioral Health
Randall Burns
Director
P.O. Box 110620
350 Main St., Ste. 214
Juneau, AK 99811
Phone 907-465-3370
Fax 907-465-2668
Behavioral Health Office
3601 C Street, Suite 878
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907) 269-3600
Fax: (907) 269-3623
Alaska Psychiatric Institute
Ronald B. Hale
Chief Executive Officer
3700 Piper Street
Anchorage, AK 99508
Phone: (907) 269-7105
Fax: (907) 269-7251
Behavioral Health
Systems & Policy
Shaun Wilhelm
Chief of Risk and Research Management
3601 C Street, Suite 878
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-3623
Medicaid Provider Assistance Services
Terry Roth
Medicaid Provider Assistance Services Section Manager
3601 C Street, Suite 878
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907) 269-2050
Fax: (907) 269-3623
Vacant
Deputy Director
P.O. Box 110620
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0620
Phone: (907) 465-3370
Fax: (907) 465-2668
Alcohol Safety Action Program
Tony Piper
Social Services Program Coordinator
Boney Memorial Courthouse
303 K Street, Basement
Anchorage, AK 99501
Phone: (907) 264-0735
Fax: (907) 264-0786
Behavioral Health Quality Assurance Services
Brita Bishop
Section Manager
P.O. Box 110620
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0620
Phone: (907) 465-4994
Fax: (907) 465-2185
Administration
Linda Brazak
Administrative Operation Manager
P.O. Box 110620
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0620
Phone: (907) 465-8202
Fax: (907) 465-2185
Finance and Management Services
Shawnda O'Brien
Acting Assistant Commissioner
350 Main Street, Room 129
PO Box 110650
Juneau, AK 99811-0650
HIPAA Coordination Office
Kathy Long
Phone: (907) 465-4459
Information Systems
Scott McCutcheon
Data Processing Manager
350 Main Street, Room 18
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0650
Phone: (907) 465-3603
Fax: (907) 465-3034
IT Security Office
Finance Section
Eric Demoulin
Finance Officer
350 Main Street, Room 304
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0650
Phone: (907) 465-1216
Fax: (907) 465-2499
Facilities Section
Michael Frawley
Facilities
240 Main Street, Room 502
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0650
Phone: (907) 465-1870
Fax: (907) 465-2607
Internal Administration
Debbie Vanslyke
Administrative Operations
Manager
350 Main St, Room 129
PO Box 110650
Juneau AK 99811-0650
Federal Allocations
Linnea Osborne
Federal Allocations Manager
350 Main St, Room 132
PO Box 110650
Juneau Ak 99811-0650
Marian Sweet
Deputy Director
350 Main Street, Room 129
PO Box 110650
Juneau, AK 99811-0650
Phone:
Fax: (907) 465-2499
Budget Section
Vacant
Budget Manager
350 Main Street, Room 103
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0650
Phone: (907) 465-3331
Fax: (907) 465-2499
Audit Section
Linnea Osborne
Audit Manager
130 Seward Street, Suite 512
PO Box 110602
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0602
Phone: (907) 465-3120
Fax: (907) 465-5149
Grants & Contracts Section
Michael Frawley
Grants & Procurement Chief
333 Willoughby Ave, RM 760
PO Box 110650
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0650
Phone: (907) 465-1624
Fax: (907) 465-6421
Human Resources
Kimberley King
Human Resources Manager
350 Main St, Suite 108
PO Box 110650
Juneau AK, 99811-0650
Health Care Services
Margaret Brodie
Director
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, AK 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2520
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Melissa Hill
Administrative Operations
Manager
240 Main St. Ste. 501
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Phone: (907) 465-1617
Vacant
Program Operations Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2430
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Jason Ball
Quality Assurance Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd.
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2186
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Brenda Vincent
Health Facilities Survey Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2652
Fax: (907) 334-2682
Craig Baxter
Residential Licensing Program
4601 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. K
Anchorage, AK 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2492
Fax: (907) 269-3622
Susan Dunkin
Regulations, Publications, and Outreach Coordinator
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 269-3638
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Jamie Walker
Division Operations Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2406
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Erin Narus
Pharmacy Program Manager
& Ancillary Services
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2425
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Kristin Delfino
Systems & Analysis Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2439
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Punipuao "Puni" Pedro
Accounting & Recovery Manager
4501 Business Park Blvd.
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2452
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Karen Benson
Background Check Program
4601 Business Park Blvd., Bldg. K
Anchorage, AK 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 269-5258
Fax: (907) 269-3488
Courtney O'Byrne King
State Plan Coordinator and Legislative Liaison
4501 Business Park Blvd.,
Bldg. L
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-7167
Phone: (907) 334-2653
Fax: (907) 561-1684
Barbara Hale
DKC/CHIP Program Coordinator
350 Main St., Ste. 414
PO Box 110660
Juneau, AK 99811
Phone: (907) 465-5833
Denali KidCare website
Juvenile Justice
Tracy Dompeling
Director
1502 Wilbur St.
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Phone: (907) 451-2150
Fax: (907) 451-2038
Barbara Murray
Deputy Director, Programs
and Administration
P.O. Box 110635
Juneau, AK 998111-0635
Phone: (907) 465-2339
Fax: (907) 465-2333
Heidi Redick
JPO IV Anchorage Service Supervisor
2600 Providence Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Phone: (907) 261-4526
Fax: (907) 261-4345
Walter Evans
JPO IV NRO Service Supervisor
1502 Wilbur
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Phone: (907) 451-2150
Fax: (907) 451-5152
Dennis Weston
Deputy Director, Operations
2600 Providence Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Phone: (907) 261-4338
Fax: (907) 261-4345
Sean Owens
JPO IV SCRO Service Supervisor
581 Outer Springer Loop Rd
Palmer, AK 99645
Phone: (907) 707-1760
Fax: (907) 707-1761
Joe Adelmeyer
JPO IV SERO Service Supervisor
3252 Hospital Drive
Juneau,, Alaska 99801
Phone: (907) 586-9433
Fax: (907) 586-2680
Janelle Earls
Administrative Operations
Manager
P.O. Box 110635
Juneau, AK 99811-0635
Phone: (907) 465-1385
Fax: (907) 465-2333
Youth Facilities
Darrell Garrison
Bethel Youth Facility,
Superintendent
PO Box 1989
Bethel, Alaska 99559
Phone: (907) 543-5200
Fax: (907) 543-2710
Jess Lujan
Johnson Youth Center,
Superintendent
3252 Hospital Drive
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Phone: (907) 586-9433
Fax: (907) 586-2680
Pete Harrison
Mat-Su Youth Facility,
Superintendent
581 Outer Springer Loop Road
Palmer, Alaska 99645
Phone: (907) 746-1630
Fax: (907) 746-1633
Omar Drammeh
Nome Youth Facility,
Superintendent
1045 E. 4th Street
Nome, Alaska 99762
Phone: (907) 443-5434
Fax: (907) 443-3740
Robert Austin
Fairbanks Youth Facility,
Superintendent
1502 Wilbur
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Phone: (907) 451-2150
Fax: (907) 451-5152
Robert Ruddy
McLaughlin Youth Center, Superintendent
2600 Providence Drive
Anchorage,, Alaska 99508
Phone: (907) 261-4324
Fax: (907) 261-4308
Steve Kiefer
Kenai Peninsula Youth Facility
405 Marathon Road
Kenai, AK 99611
Phone: (907) 335-3100
Fax: (907) 335-0122
Office of Children's Services
Christy Lawton
Director
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3191
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Scott Heaton
Community Relations Manager
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3191
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Dana Penner
ORCA Project Manager
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3633
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Pam Halloran
Admin Operations Manager
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3192
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Tracy Spartz-Campbell
Deputy Director
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3191
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Kim Guay
Child Welfare Administrator
323 E. 4th Avenue
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3478
Fax: (907) 269-3497
Noelle Kennedy
Program Administrator
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-2104
Fax: (907) 465-3397
Travis Erickson
Division Operations Manager
323 E. 4th Avenue
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3903
Fax: (907) 269-3988
Services Programs
Barbara Cosolito
Social Services Program Officer
Resource Family Section
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
(907) 465-3209
Fax: (907) 465-2061
Yvonne Hill
Social Services Program Officer
Service Array Section
P.O. Box 110630
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0630
Phone: (907) 465-3458
Fax: (907) 465-3656
Prevention Programs
Jimael Johnson
Acting Program Manager
Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems
Phone: (907) 269-7378
Child Protective Services
Jessie Jacobs
Regional Manager
Anchorage Region
323 E. 4th Avenue
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-3908
Fax: (907) 269-3901
Coleen Turner
Regional Manager
Northern Region
751 Old Richardson Hwy,
Suite 300
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Phone: (907) 451-2055
Fax: (907) 451-2058
Fennisha Gardner
Regional Manager
Western Region
State Bldg
411#B Ptarmigan
PO Box 328
Bethel, Alaska 99559
Phone: (907) 543-3141
Tim Bolles
Regional Manager
Southcentral Region
695 E. Parks Hwy., Unit 3
Wasilla, AK 99687
Phone: (907) 352-8908
Fax: (907) 357-9763
Sharon Fleming
Regional Manager
Southeast Region
Vintage Park
3025 Clinton Drive, Suite 200
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Phone: (907) 465-3296
Fax: (907) 465-1669
Public Assistance
Monica Windom
Director
350 Main Street, Room 304
PO Box 110640
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0640
Phone: (907) 465-2680
Fax: (907) 465-5154
TDD/TTY: (907) 465-3347
Aimee Olejasz
Division Operations Manager
350 Main Street, Room 310
PO Box 110640
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0640
Phone: (907) 465-8826
Fax: (907) 465-5031
TDD/TTY: (907) 465-3347
Tracy Dablemont
Acting Chief of Program Integrity and Analysis
3601 C Street, Ste 200
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-7873
Fax: (907) 465-5154
Paul Schoenborn
Information Technology Manager
3601 "C" Street, Suite 434
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907) 269-7837
Fax: (907) 561-7685
Christopher Lauer
Program Manager
Fraud Control Unit
Frontier Building
3601 C Street, Suite 200
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-1050
Fax: (907) 269-1062
Alma Prado
Denali KidCare
P.O. Box 240047
3601 C Street, Suite 120
Anchorage, Alaska 99524
Phone: (907) 269-6464
Fax: (907) 269-0986
Mark Armstrong
Regional Manager,
Central Region
400 Gambell Street, Suite 304
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-6547
Fax: (907) 269-6532
TDD: (907) 269-6530
Mike Thibodeau
Regional Manager,
Northern Region
675 7th Avenue, Station D
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Phone: (907) 451-2801
Fax: (907) 451-5177
TDD/TTY: (907) 451-2851
Rebecca McGraw
Regional Manager,
MatSu Region
855 W. Commercial Dr.
Wasilla, AK 99654
Phone: (907) 376-3903
Fax: (907) 373-1136
Vacant
Program & Policy Development Chief
350 Main Street, Room 307
PO Box 110640
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0640
Phone: (907) 465-5835
Fax: (907) 465-5254
Tammie Walker
Chief of Field Services
3601 C Street, Suite 460
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-7875
Fax: (907) 269-3099
Jessica Bogard
Admin Operation Manager
350 Main Street, Suite 330
PO Box 110640
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0640
Phone: (907) 465-6341
Fax: (907) 465-5031
Susan Marshall
Program Coordinator
Heating Assistance Program
350 Main Street, Room 317
Juneau, Alaska 99801-1731
Phone: (907) 465-3099
Fax: (907) 465-3319
Toll Free: 888-282-3319
Marcey Bish
Program Manager,
Child Care Program Office
3601 C Street, Suite 140
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-4784
Fax: (907) 269-1064
Kathleen Wayne
Family Nutrition (WIC)
Health Program Manager
130 Seward Street,
Goldstein Building, Room 508
P.O. Box 110612
Juneau, AK 99811-0612
Phone: (907) 465-3100
Fax: (907) 465-3416
Marjie Tiedje
Regional Manager,
Coastal Region
(Not open to public)
3601 C Street, Suite 410
PO Box 240249
Anchorage, Alaska 99524-0249
Phone: (907) 269-8981
Fax: (907) 563-0767
Victoria O'Brien
Acting Regional Manager,
Southeastern Region
2030 Sea Level Drive, S 301
Ketchikan, AK 99901
Phone: (907) 225-2135
or Juneau (907) 465-4986
Fax: (907) 225-7381
Public Health
Dr. Jay C. Butler, MD
Director
3601 C Street, Suite 756
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907) 465-3090
Fax: (907) 465-4632
Jill Lewis
Deputy Director
350 Main Street, Ste 214
Juneau, Alaska 99811
Phone: (907) 465-8617
Fax: (907) 465-4632
Merry Carlson
Deputy Director
3601 C. Street
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: (907)269-2042
Bernd Jilly, Ph.D., MT (ASCP)
Chief, Laboratories
5455 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Ave.
Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6093
Phone: (907) 334-2100
Fax: (907) 334-2161
Joe McLaughlin, MD, MPH
State Epidemiologist and Chief
3601 C Street, Suite 540
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-8000
Fax: (907) 562-7802
Dr. Gary Zientek
State Medical Examiner
5455 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Ave.
Anchorage, Alaska 99507
Phone: (907) 334-2200
Fax: (907) 334-2216
Rebekah Morisse
Chief, Women's, Children & Family Health
3601 C Street, Suite 310
Anchorage, AK 99503-5923
Phone: (907) 269-3400
Fax: (907) 269-3465
Heidi Lengdorfer
Chief, Health Analytics and Vital Records
5441 Commercial Drive
P.O. Box 110675
Juneau, Alaska 99801-0675
Phone: (907) 465-3391
Fax: (907) 465-3618
Heidi Hedberg
Chief, Rural and Community Health Systems
3601 C. Street, Suite 756
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 269-4659
Fax: (907) 269-2048
Tim Struna
Acting Chief, Public Health Nursing
3601 C Street, Suite 760
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 334-2250
Fax: (907) 334-2270
Teri O'Connor
Chief, Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
3601 C. Street, Suite 722
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 334-2596
Fax: (907) 269-5446
Senior & Disabilities Services
Duane Mayes
Director
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, AK 99501
Phone: (907) 269-2083
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907)269-4973
Deb Etheridge
Deputy Director
PO Box 110680
Juneau, AK 99811-0680
Phone: (907) 465-5481
Toll Free: 866-465-3165
Fax: (907)465-4716
Hilary Porter
Administrative Operations Manager II
PO Box 110680
Juneau, AK 99811-0680
Phone: (907) 465-4917
Toll Free: 866-465-3165
Fax: (907)465-4716
Administrative Units
Grants Unit
Lisa Morley
Unit Manager
PO Box 110680
Juneau, AK 99811-0680
Phone: (907) 465-4996
Toll Free: 866-465-3165
Fax: (907) 465-1170
Medicare Information Office
Dana Barnett
Program Manager
400 Gambell Street,
Anchorage, AK 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3649
Toll Free: 800-478-6065
Fax: (907)269-2045
Policy and Program Development Unit
Jetta Whittaker
Unit Manager
PO Box 110680
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0680
Phone: (907) 465-1605
Toll Free: 866-465-3165
Fax: (907) 465-4716
Quality Improvement
Lynne Keilman-Cruz
Health Program Manager IV/Chief of Quality
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-5606
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3690
Provider Certification & Compliance Unit
Cheri Herman
Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-4139
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 754-3475
Quality Assurance Unit
Caroline Hogan
Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (909)269-3673
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3690
Research and Analysis Unit
Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3477
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3689
Adult Protective Services / General Relief Unit
Acting Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3677
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3648
Programs
Lisa McGuire
Health Program Manager IV/Chief of Programs
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3681
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907)269-3689
CAT Intake and
Assessment Unit
Moli Atanoa
Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907)269-4133
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-6246
CAT Review Unit
Rodney GeorgeUnit Manager550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3453
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-8164
Central Intake Unit
Sandra Jenkins
Protective Services
Specialist IV
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3679
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3648
Developmental Programs and Training
Maureen Harwood
Health Program Manager IV/Chief of IDD/ILP/Training
751 Old Richardson Highway, Suite 100-A
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Phone: (907)451-5041
Toll Free: 1-800-770-1672
Fax: (907) 541-5046
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Unit
Caitlin Rogers
Unit Manager
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3654
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-3639
Maureen Harwood
Infant Learning Program Unit
751 Old Richardson Highway, Suite 100-A
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Phone: (907)451-5041
Toll Free: 1-800-770-1672
Fax: (907) 541-5046
SDSInfantLearning@alaska.gov
Training Unit
Kara Thrasher-Livingston
Medical Assistance Administrator, Training
550 W. 8th Ave.,
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Phone: (907) 269-3685
Toll Free: 800-478-9996
Fax: (907) 269-8164
Boards, Commissions and Councils